38 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... intoxication #Hypercalcemia ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Drugs causing hyperkalemia
 • Impaired release of renin: NSAIDs, Beta blockers, Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes, Elderly
 •
Drugs causing hyperkalemia ... Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes ... aldosterone mechanism: Adrenal ... Drospirenone #Drugs #hyperkalemia ... #medications #causes
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... - Calcineurin inhibitors ... Renin - Primary adrenal ... Low Renin - Diabetes ... Beta-Blockers #Hyperkalemia
Compelling and Possible Contraindications to Antihypertensive Drugs
Diuretics (thiazides)
 - Gout
 - Metabolic syndrome, Glucose intolerance, Pregnancy,
intolerance, Pregnancy, Hypercalcemia ... antagonists (MRA) - Hyperkalemia ... higher risk of hyperkalemia ... Angioneurotic edema, Hyperkalemia ... - Pregnancy, Hyperkalemia
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Succinylcholine • Diabetes ... Hypovolemia • RAAS inhibitor ... • Calcineurin inhibitor ... MCW_Nephrology #HyperKalemia
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Proton-pump inhibitors ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... Classification #Causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... Jansen disease #Hypercalcemia ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... , adrenal, prostate ... Milk-alkali syndrome #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... neonates) - Diabetic ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency, adrenal ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes