37 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Proton-pump inhibitors ... - Calcineurin inhibitors ... - Hypokalemia ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... Classification #Causes
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
associated with hypokalemia ... hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia ... foscarnet - Diuretics ... and other loop diuretics ... diagnosis #nephrology #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Kidney stones caused ... Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes ... DDAVP) • Central diabetes
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... (treatment of diabetic ... carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... mellitus, SGLT2 inhibitors ... Diabetes Insipidus ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... drugs • ACE inhibitors ... Cyclosporine • Diuretics ... #causes
Drugs causing hyperkalemia
 • Impaired release of renin: NSAIDs, Beta blockers, Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes, Elderly
 •
Drugs causing hyperkalemia ... Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes ... Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ... Drospirenone #Drugs #hyperkalemia ... #medications #causes
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Succinylcholine • Diabetes ... Hypovolemia • RAAS inhibitor ... • Calcineurin inhibitor ... MCW_Nephrology #HyperKalemia
Compelling and Possible Contraindications to Antihypertensive Drugs
Diuretics (thiazides)
 - Gout
 - Metabolic syndrome, Glucose intolerance, Pregnancy,
Antihypertensive Drugs Diuretics ... , Hypokalemia, Erectile ... higher risk of hyperkalemia ... (ACEI, ARB, diabetes ... ) ACE inhibitors
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... - Calcineurin inhibitors ... Other causes ... Low Renin - Diabetes ... #differential #causes