136 results
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... excretion • Acute renal ... failure • Chronic renal ... • Drugs • Diabetic ... : • Post-renal
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge - Differential ... Intake • Chronic Renal ... Production • Renal ... Breast #Discharge #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Hypernatremia - Differential ... perspiration Renal ... diuresis • Central diabetes ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... nephrology #sodium #high
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
or enemas - Treatment ... neonates) - Diabetic ... Rhabdomyolysis Increased renal ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency, adrenal ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Drug-induced • High ... Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... acidosis - Renal ... • Chronic renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
cell disease - Renal ... transplant - SLE High ... Renin - Primary adrenal ... Low Renin - Diabetes ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Treat with a high ... • Renal Failure ... Hypovolemic - GI losses, renal ... #Hyponatremia #Differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... Tumor Low Renin, High ... NonGap #Nephrology #Differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Elevated PTH (High ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Hypercalcemia #Differential ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential ... ketoacidosis Renal ... acids in advanced renal ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic