92 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Granulomatous disease ... - Williams syndrome ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... failure, Addison's disease ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ... • Cushing's Syndrome ... Obesity • Liver Disease ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... granulomatous diseases ... vasculitis, Crohn's disease ... Genetic: Williams syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Diagnosis and Management ... Activation: Liver disease ... , Kidney Disease ... - DiGeorge Syndrome ... #endocrinology
Behcet's Syndrome - Treatment
Ulcers:
 • Treatment: Topical steroids
 • Prevention: Colchicine
 • Azathioprine for refractory disease
Arthritis:
Behcet's Syndrome ... by case) • Surgery ... #Syndrome #Treatment ... #management #pharmacology ... #rheumatology
Causes of Pericardial Effusion - Differential Diagnosis
Infectious:
 • Viral: Enterovirus, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus
 • Bacterial: Mycobacterium
Causes of Pericardial ... Non-Infectious: • Rheumatologic ... : EGPA, Horton Disease ... , Takayasu Disease ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
- Bone marrow disease ... Kasabach-Merritt syndrome ... Von Willebrand disease ... Gardner-Diamond syndrome ... #rheumatology #
Aortitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Non-Infectious Aortitis:
 • Vasculitides: Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA), Takayasu's arteritis, Cogan's Syndrome,
arteritis, Cogan's Syndrome ... ) • Rheumatic Diseases ... : IgG4-Related Disease ... (SPA) • Other Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #rheumatology
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
Causes of Adrenal ... Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome ... Granulomatous Disease ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #endocrinology