23 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Kidney Injury (AKI ... common culprits: Hypovolemia ... , Low effective ... Urinary obstruction, Nephrotoxic ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI ... osmolarity If cause ... of AKI remains ... • Interstitial nephritis ... #causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... volume-based algorithm Urine ... can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... consumption • Low ... #low
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... nephron - TTKG > 7, Urine ... renal failure • AKI ... • NSAlDs #Hyperkalemia ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Decreased intake (rare cause ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... artery stenosis Low ... #Nephrology #Differential
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
on the Kidney - Pathophysiology ... decreased renal blood flow ... : Pre renal AKI ... Acute Interstitial Nephritis ... KidneyDisease #nephrology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... Kidney Injury AKI ... Impaired forward flow ... Acute Interstitial Nephritis ... #causes #Acute