10 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... macula, and/or retina ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... D - Increased renal ... Cell, Breast Cancer ... Hypercalcemia #Malignancy #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Hx of AKI/CKD ... Urine Na/K/Cl/urea ... 21% - AKI on CKD ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... of the terminal retinal ... around atrophic areas ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... electrolytes, urea ... Rhabdo-myolysis: CK ... syndrome: troponin, CK-MB ... #AKI #Workup #Algorithm
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... persistent over at least ... Hyperphosphatemia #CKD ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... creatinine by at least ... multiple myeloma) • Urate ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Pruritus Treatment Algorithm for Hemodialysis Patients 

Non-PharmacoIogicaI Measures 
 • Use gentle soap e.g. Dove
Pruritus Treatment Algorithm ... except if other areas ... Pruritus #Treatment #Algorithm ... Uremia #Management #Nephrology ... #CKD
Posterior staphyloma on Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

Patient presents bilateral posterior staphylomas and areas of scarring and fibrosis
staphylomas and areas ... staphyloma #Scarring #Retina ... PhysicalExam #clinical #video ... #ophthalmology
Management of Pruritus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Pruritus with no primary lesions - differential diagnosis:
diagnosis: • Renal ... wool, over itchy areas ... scratch the itchy areas ... Pruritus #Treatment #Algorithm ... #CKD