19 results
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- TTE/liver fxn? ... Urine Na/K/Cl/urea ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Differential
Liver Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign Cystic 
 • Cyst
 • Polycystic Liver Disease
 • Caroli's
Liver Mass - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Lung, Colon, Breast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pregnancy, Breast ... Hypothyroidism #Breast ... Endocrinology #Causes
Liver Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cystic:
 • Benign 
     - Simple: Simple
Liver Mass - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... - secondary - Breast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Hepatology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... creatinine by at least ... multiple myeloma) • Urate ... #Causes
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Exclude other AKI ... causes (esp. ... Classification: HRS-AKI ... HRS-Non-AKI (formerly ... • Treat underlying
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Workup Algorithm ... electrolytes, urea ... osmolarity If cause ... #Workup #Algorithm ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #endocrinology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... macula, and/or retina ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
nervefiber layer -> Retinal ... white or yellow areas ... of the terminal retinal ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology