18 results
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Elevated ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... #Algorithm #causes
Primary Bone Tumors - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 

Metastatic - Most common tumour in adults
 - Breast
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Metastatic ... in adults - Breast ... Thyroid - Lung - Renal ... #Causes #Oncology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge ... Algorithm High ... Pregnancy, Breast ... Hypothyroidism #Breast ... #Causes
Floaters - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
Vitreous Floaters:
• Microscopic collagen fibers within the vitreous that tend to clump
- Differential Diagnosis ... breaks • Positive ... • Retinal detachment ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Ocular #ophthalmology
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Algorithm Relative ... Nerve Tumor • Retinal ... detachment • ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
resorption in the bone ... resorption in the bone ... Cell, Breast Cancer ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #algorithm
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... D) Increased bone ... metastases: thyroid, breast ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... endocrinology #diagnosis
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
white or yellow areas ... of the terminal retinal ... around atrophic areas ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Primary ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Breast, Kidney, ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone