23 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... Hemorrhages • Focal areas ... ischemia causes ... #Diabetic #Retinopathy ... #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Breast Discharge ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pregnancy, Breast ... Hypothyroidism #Breast ... Endocrinology #Causes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy ... white or yellow areas ... around atrophic areas ... #Hypertensive #Retinopathy ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... , Bladder, Breast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... creatinine by at least ... multiple myeloma) • Urate ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... persistent over at least ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Anisocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Physiological - Simple Anisocoria ( <O.5mm)
 - Anisocoria equal
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Tumor (Lung, Breast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Treat with a high ... • Renal Failure ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine culture and treat ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Degeneration (Wet, Dry) Retina ... : • Diabetic Retinopathy ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology