21 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... → Diagnostic of ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology #renal
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Red ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Drugs Glomerular ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... proteinuria, granular casts ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Epithelial cell casts ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... Algorithm • Confirm ... • Evidence of glomerular ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology
Urine Microscopy Instructions
1) Spin fresh urine sample (10-15mL) in a centrifuge for 3-5 minutes - Don't
Urine Microscopy ... under lower power (casts ... findings are hard to see ... #Instructions #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... Atherosclerosis Glomerular ... Sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes