12 results
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia Low ... disease, Milk Alkali Syndrome ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
renal Mg wasting syndromes ... - Gitelman syndrome ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Workup Algorithm ... electrolytes, urea ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #Workup #Algorithm
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Appropriately Low ... Shift: Refeeding Syndrome ... Tumor Genesis Syndrome ... FGF23: Fanconi Syndrome ... #workup
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #Hypocalcemia #Workup ... #nephrology #calcium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Algorithm 1) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Hepatorenal syndromes ... multiple myeloma) • Urate ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... Pathophysiology: ... Classification: ... #Hepatorenal #Syndrome ... #Hepatology #Nephrology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... ARVs can have low ... volume • Patchy areas ... The clinical syndrome ... untreated HIV and with low