20 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... sediment by microscopy ... pain + gross or microscopic ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... blood cells on urine ... microscopy. ... #Causes
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Sodium Theophilus ... Microscopic exam ... • Urinary casts ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria ... #hematuria
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... hematuria, mild ... Nephritis #AIN #Algorithm ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium