13 results
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... Microscopic exam ... • Urinary casts ... Kidney Injury (AKI ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
CBC w/ diff - Urinalysis ... /microscopy/UOP/ ... weights - Urine ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... proteinuria, granular casts ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... cases are caused ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... (Urinalysis or ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology
Urine Microscopy Instructions - How to spin urine

1. Collect a fresh urine sample (5 – 10
Urine Microscopy ... the better, as casts ... perform a quick urinalysis ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #Nephrology #Preparation
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology