82 results
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
Algorithm for Differentiating ... • Urine Chloride ... • Urine Ca/Cr ... #Bartter #Algorithm ... #nephrology #hypokalemia
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... GI losses • Renal ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... GI losses • Renal ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... • Renal tubular ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Sodium 4) Serum ... High Uric Acid → renal ... #nephrology #sodium
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... osmolarity If cause ... syndrome: troponin ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes