31 results
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
- Differential Diagnosis ... Minimal change disease ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis ... no respiratory cause ... Salicylate Level: 150mg/kg ... Resuscitation 2) Urine ... #management #Treatment
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Renal tubular acidosis ... recessive genetic disease ... - Antiviral treatment ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #calculus
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... May be 10 (eg direct ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... , Infiltrative diseases ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential Diagnosis ... ., urine, sweat) ... presentations and disease ... perfusion - shock->treatments ... before beginning treatment
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
granulomatous diseases ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... Treatment is aimed ... Classification #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... chronic kidney diseases ... colored compounds (e.g ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... #Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis ... #potassium #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
history, exam, and urine ... DI; high dilute urine ... , Dehydration: neurologic ... disease, water ... patient weight (eg