20 results
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sensitive) • AKI ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... , mild tubular proteinuria ... , granular casts
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... , RBC casts, dysmorphic ... if cause not identified ... #blood #urine
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Workup Algorithm ... Investigations: full blood ... microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
• 1ml blood/liter ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... - Proteinuria ... #urology #nephrology ... blood
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
cases are caused ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC CAUSES ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria and/or proteinuria ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Red blood cells ... on urine microscopy ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... nephrotic range) proteinuria
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
proteins, documenting proteinuria ... Microscopic exam ... • Urinary casts ... Kidney Injury (AKI ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... #Causes