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diagnosis differential nephrology hypokalemia management potassium sodium table treatment clinical criticalcare heartfailure hypernatremia hypomagnesemia icu intercellularshift k magnesium pharmacology physiologic
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... of hypotonic hyponatremia ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
• Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #diagnosis #causes ... nephrology #sodium #low
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... 300 mmol/kg • Hypertonic ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... 2-2.5% or 24h Urine ... 2-2.5% or 24h Urine ... • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... consumption • Low ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... nephron - TTKG > 7, Urine ... EABV (e.g., CHF ... #Causes
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Na delivery): CHF ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... acidosis) • Low ... Use gtt, NOT hypertonic
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... contracted • Loop diuretics ... syndrome • Thiazide diuretics
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