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diagnosis causes nephrology hyperkalemia management algorithm high pharmacology hypocalcemia medications pathophysiology hypokalemia hypomagnesemia renal rhabdomyolysis acidosis acromegaly aniongap associated calculi
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Adenoma • Hyperplasia • MEN 1 and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... Dominant Calcium Receptor ... Effects • Thiazide Diuretics ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Association class IV) Vasopressin ... (Vasopressin) ... bleeding disorders Vasopressin ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate ... Calcium-sensing receptor ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis #Endocrinology ... #Differential
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 Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... function) - Loop diuretic ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... Piretanide Potassium ... Mannitol, Urea Vasopressin ... receptor antagonists
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • K sparing diuretics ... • Recent IV potassium ... Beta adrenergic receptor ... #differential #
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... Angiotensin II Receptor ... MunerMohamed1 #hyperkalemia ... #differential # ... #pharmacology #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • K sparing diuretics ... • Recent IV potassium ... Beta adrenergic receptor ... #differential #
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Redistribution Treatments ... concurrent need for vasopressor ... #Hyperkalemia ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Lithium-associated Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... syndrome, thiazide diuretics ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
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