19 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Polyneuropathy, Acute ... stroke, Acute spinal ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... vasoconstriction (e.g ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... AIN) • Drugs (e.g ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... Renal failure, acute ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hyperglycemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diabetes Mellitus:
 • Impaired Glucose Tolerance
 • Type I Diabetes
 • Type
• Cushing's Syndrome ... Hyperglycemia (e.g ... • Shock • Acute ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Definitions - Stable Angina, Unstable Angina, NSTEMI, STEMI
1 STABLE ANGINA - Angina
Acute Coronary Syndrome ... Definitions - Stable ... thrombus formation causes ... is reflected by ECG ... Text: The Only EKG
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
with previously stable ... risk factors (eg ... hypertension (eg ... hypertension (eg ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... colored compounds (e.g ... Urine #Microscopy #nephrology
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology ... Ozempic), or daily tablet ... side effects (e.g ... not definitively cause ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists 
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists
Methacholine
 • Diagnosis of bronchial airway
Carbachol
 • Glaucorna (topical
due to Sjögren syndrome ... Atropine • Acute ... symptomatic bradycardia (e.g ... #Medications #Pharmacology ... #Table
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
symptoms are not caused ... of diagnosis (e.g ... Self-limiting, chronic but stable ... and progressive Acute ... : ACUTE, fever,