64 results
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Paget's Disease #Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... hormone–independent Renal ... insufficiency ... Jansen disease #Hypercalcemia
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Framework Pre-Renal ... Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia ... , Renal Artery Stenosis ... Medications Intra-Renal ... Autoimmune Post-Renal
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... renal potassium ... excretion • Acute renal ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia ... #nephrology #potassium
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
GI losses • Renal ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypothyroidism • Adrenal ... insufficiency ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
GI losses • Renal ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypothyroidism • Adrenal ... insufficiency ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Hyperkalemic Type 4 RTA
 • Hypokalemic Type 1 RTA
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... • Hyperkalemic ... RTA • RTA of renal ... Type 2 RTA #RTA #Renal ... #nephrology
Evaluation and Management of Hyperkalemia

As with hypokalemia, the immediate danger of hyperkalemia is its effect on
Evaluation and Management ... of Hyperkalemia ... , because hyperkalemia ... with underlying renal ... #Evaluation #Algorithm