29 results
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... usually IgG) (e.g. lupus ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
Differential diagnosis ... syndrome (ST-HUS ... crisis • Severe B12 ... anemia" • HELLP ... #diagnosis #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Inflammatory and Autoimmune ... Diseases: • Systemic lupus ... #Diagnosis #Hematology
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... • Blood smear: Differential ... #Hemolytic #Anemia ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #rheumatology
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
- Differential ... , CKD • Hemolytic ... - Extrinsic: Autoimmune ... Folate deficiency, B12 ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Megakaryopoiesis • B12 ... methotrexate) • Drugs Autoimmune ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin B12 ... hemolytic anemia ... hemolytic anemia ... RBC #Morphology #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
• Vitamin E - Haemolytic ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... Vitamins #Deficiency #differential ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
loss), Vitamin B12 ... : Autoimmune, Microangiopathic ... hemolytic anemia ... Production #Index #hematology ... #anemia #differential
Causes of Anemia in Cirrhosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
LOW RETIC INDEX - ↓ PRODUCTION
 • Vitamin
PRODUCTION • Vitamin B12 ... Destruction: Zieve's syndrome ... , Autoimmune hemolytic ... anemia, Hemolysis ... #Diagnosis #Hepatology