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differential management algorithm erythematosus hemolysis lupus symptoms autoimmune causes disease leukemia mds myelodysplastic systemic thrombocytopenia workup activation agglutinin aplastic atlas
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: • Mechanism: IgG and Complement-mediated • Etiology:
Hemolytic Anemia ... Spherocytes • Treatment ... • Treatment: Warm ... #Anemia #hematology ... #diagnosis #comparison
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis: • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) - TTP
Differential diagnosis ... syndrome (ST-HUS ... crisis • Severe B12 ... anemia" • HELLP ... #hematology #hemolysis
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Diagnostic Framework ... anemia): ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... uremic syndrome ... #hematology #anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin B12 ... Cell Agglutinate: Cold ... cold hemoglobinuria ... #differential #diagnosis ... #hematology #microscopy
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... : 70 years old, ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... #Management #treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Congenital Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome • Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy Cancer: • Leukemia • Lymphoma Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... #Hematology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... genotypes): SS, SC, SE ... Agglutination - Cold ... #workup #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease 3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies: 1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD) 2. Donath-Landsteiner
Agglutinin Syndrome ... • Symptoms of anemia ... Diagnosis: • hemolytic ... anemia • Cold ... #anemia #hematology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
→ Refer to hematology ... blood loss, Acute hemolysis ... , deficiency anemia ... Rebound effect from treatment ... #Algorithm #hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Megakaryopoiesis • B12 ... Autoimmune • ITP • SLE ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
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