286 results
UROLITHIASIS 

80% of stones are composed of calcium oxalate or phosphate. Others include uric acid (9%),
& cystine (1%) stones ... Struvite stones, ... staghorn or large calculus ... hydronephrosis # hematuria ... flankpain #PCN #calculus
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... or other tumor, Calculi ... - Malignancy, Calculi ... Schistomiasis, Malignancy, Calculi ... #Hematuria #Differential
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Modalities for Renal Calculus ... to identify non-calculus ... Useful for non-calculus ... Imaging #Modalities #Calculi ... #calculus #Radiology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Tubulolnterstitial • Calculi ... • BPH • Calculi ... ) - Isolated Hematuria ... ) - Isolated Hematuria
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
of Macroscopic Hematuria ... Painful: suggests calculi ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... Framework Gross Hematuria ... change • Gross hematuria ... : • Stone • ... Cystitis • Bladder stones
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... heart failure #Calculi ... #Types #Renal #stones ... diagnosis #causes #calculus
Mid-ureteric stone just posterior to the uterus.  Infrequent site where a stone can be seen.

Dr.
Mid-ureteric stone ... Infrequent site where a stone ... #Ureteral #Stone ... #Calculus #POCUS
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
Kidney stone type ... Urinary #Kidney #Stones
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
on ultrasound, Hematuria ... carcinoma - Stone ... • Bladder stone ... Thrombus (frank hematuria