4109 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Increased Cell ... imports K+ into cells ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Type IV Hypersensitivity: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Definition: Unique because it is entirely T-Cell mediated; exposure to
is entirely T-Cell ... exposure to allergen causes ... allergen-specific T-Cell ... harmful -> Th Cells ... Allergy #Immunology #pathophysiology
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
stored red blood cells ... hypoxemia - Sickle cell ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Causes
Tree in Bud Sign
The Tree-in-Bud sign represents Endobronchial spread in a linear branching pattern and centrilobular
It is caused by ... actually seen in all causes ... pneumonia, congenital causes ... bronchioalveolar cell ... radiology #ChestCT #pathophysiology
Gonorrhea: Pathophysiology

 - Neonatal Transmission -> Direct contact of patient mucosa with mother's infected mucosa while
Gonorrhea: Pathophysiology ... to host mucosal cells ... to the mucosal cell ... antibodies and causes ... #Gonorrhea #Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Fever

Pathogenesis of rheumatic fever. 
1. GAS pharyngitis leads to antigenic presentation of pathogenic
peptides to T-cells ... cross-reactive T-cells ... facilitates T-cell ... antibodies which can cause ... Rheumatic #Fever #Pathophysiology
Erythroderma - Diagnostic Algorithm. Pathophysiology: 1) Extensive cutaneous capillary dilation, results in widespread exfoliation of the
Pathophysiology: ... germinative skin cells ... Causes: 1) Exfoliative ... Skin-homing T-cells
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
commonly hairy-cell ... Viral replication causes ... vascular endothelial cells ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
• Langerhan cells ... hair follicles -> causes ... UV light Incr cell ... removal of these cells ... Manifestations #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Thrombocytosis: cells ... 7) - principal cells ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #high #pathophysiology