19 results
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... uremic syndrome (HUS ... (AIHA)"Cold" (usually ... (e.g. primary cold ... #Hemolytic #Intravascular
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Warm AIHA • Cold ... AIHA • Alloimmune ... Complement-Mediated • Cold ... anemia • ... MAHA (TTP, DIC, HUS
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
Hemolytic Anemias ... : • Autoimmune ... Hemolytic Anemias ... Hemolytic Anemias ... (AHAs) Nonimmune-mediated
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia:
 • Mechanism: IgG and Complement-mediated
 • Etiology:
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune ... Hemolytic Anemia ... Hemolytic Anemia ... Autoimmune Hemolytic ... #Autoimmune #Hemolytic
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) - Differential Diagnosis Table

Warm AIHA (48-70%)
Cold AHA (16-32%)
 • Donath-Landsteiner HA (paroxysmal
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Anemia (AIHA) - ... AIHA (48-70%) Cold ... MatthewHoMD #Autoimmune ... #Hemolytic #Anemia
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Pathophysiology - Warm vs Cold AIHA
Warm AIHA:
 - 70%; IgG mediated
 -
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Anemia (AIHA) Pathophysiology ... - Warm vs Cold ... Smear: spherocytes Cold ... #Hemolytic #Anemia
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... Agglutination - Cold ... , aHUS, mechanical ... elliptocytosis, autoimmune ... #Anemia #Differential
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... → Sickle Cell anemia ... idiopathic, malignancy, autoimmune ... anemia (TTP, HUS ... #Anemia #Differential
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Viral infection, autoimmune ... • Symptoms of anemia ... anemiaCold ... CLL (older) • Autoimmune ... the RBCs causing intravascular
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Diagnosis for Hemolytic ... Anemia Intrinsic ... • AIHA: warm, cold ... IVIG infusion Intravascular ... • MAHA: TTP, HUS