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Diagnosis and Management of Hypernatremia

#Hypernatremia #Differential #Algorithm #Causes #Nephrology #Diagnosis

** GrepMed Recommended Text: Nephrology Secrets -
Diagnosis and Management ... of Hypernatremia ... Differential #Algorithm #Causes ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... Recommended Text: Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... #Nephrology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... solute intake, Renal ... @NephroMD #hyponatremia ... differential #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... perspiration Renal ... administration #Hypernatremia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... • Renal Failure ... Hypovolemic - GI losses, renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... UNa > 20: • Renal ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... (if preserved renal ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology