79 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... Hematuria #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperacute:
 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
Causes of Encephalopathy ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... (fungal, TB, parasitic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm ... sodium low, uric ... and uric acid low ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... (late) • High Urine ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... HSP • Post-infectious ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Uric Acid - Low ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low #uricacid
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... Urinary tract infection ... urine volume ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Urine Osmolality ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Endocarditis Algorithm - Infective vs Noninfective Causes
Noninfective:
 • Malignancy
 • Autoimmune disease
 • Systemic infection
Native Valve
Endocarditis Algorithm ... vs Noninfective Causes ... disease • Systemic infection ... Gram-negative bacilli • Fungi ... Gram-negative bacilli • Fungi