377 results
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Refeeding Syndrome ... Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin deficiency ... • Seizures • Hemolysis ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
blood loss, Acute hemolysis ... , deficiency anemia ... Rebound effect from treatment ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
fragmentation hemolysis ... syndrome (ST-HUS ... • Severe B12 deficiency ... • Mechanical hemolysis ... anemia" • HELLP syndrome
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Framework for Hemolysis ... Intravascular Hemolysis ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... uremic syndrome ... G6PD deficiency)
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Intravascular Hemolysis ... and RES-mediated hemolysis ... Defects • G6PD deficiency ... • PK deficiency ... Intravascular - Hemolysis
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia:
 • Mechanism: IgG and Complement-mediated
 • Etiology:
Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Spherocytes • Treatment ... Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic ... • Treatment: Warm
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... DAT (-) → G6PD Deficiency ... Immune mediated hemolysis ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... UnremarkableLab #Hemolytic
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Microcytic - Iron-deficiency ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... spherocytosis, Hemolytic ... Schistocytes - Hemolytic ... uremic syndrome
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... ' nucleotidase deficiency ... , Hexokinase deficiency ... elliptocytosis, autoimmune hemolysis ... ARUPConsult @ARUPLabs #Hemolytic
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic ... reticulocytes • Hemolysis ... Antibody #Autoimmune #Hemolytic ... diagnosis #management #treatment