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Pathophysiology, Signs and Symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia

#Pathophysiology #Hemolytic #Anemia #hematology #diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Pathophysiology, ... Signs and Symptoms ... of Hemolytic Anemia ... #hematology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Microcytic - Iron-deficiency ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Hemolytic uremic syndrome ... Morphology #Atlas #key #diagnosis ... #differential #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Diagnostic Framework ... , Folate deficiency ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
- Differential Diagnosis ... Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... #Hematology
Iron Deficiency Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Labs: Ferritin, iron, transferrin, TIBC, TSAT, sTfR

 • Blood loss:
Anemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Gastrectomy, WHDA syndrome ... #Anemia #Differential ... #ferritin #hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
- Differential Diagnosis ... Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... • Folate Deficiency ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Illness Script
Signs and symptoms:
 • Recurrent infections from neutropenia
 • Mucosal bleeding from
Illness Script Signs ... Diagnosis: • Pancytopenia ... Treatment: • Consider ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #hematology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
Acute hemolysis, deficiency ... anemia, Rebound ... effect from treatment ... Inflammatory Conditions: Rheumatologic ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... #Vitamins #Deficiency ... #differential #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
Differential diagnosis ... • Severe B12 deficiency ... macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... " • HELLP syndrome ... #hematology #hemolysis