41 results
diagnosis differential causes signs management hypocalcemia algorithm neurology pth secondary genetics hematology hemeonc hyperthyroidism msk pediatrics peds posterior rhabdomyolysis summary
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
resorption: • Primary ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... )-alkali syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary Lab Comparison: • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia: ↑ intestinal
PTH) Effect in Calcium ... and Phosphorus Calcium ... - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Adenoma • Hyperplasia • MEN 1 and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Diagnosis Algorithm Primary ... Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... Other • Excess Calcium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) Tumor Cell Lysis -> Release of DNA • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... • Hyperkalemia ... #TumorLysis #Syndrome ... #TLS #Pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Elevated PTH (High or normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Low
Hypercalcemia - ... or normal): • Primary ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia Evaluation 1) Clinical clues - Is the patient symptomatic? - Family history? - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... → Primary hyperapara ... → Primary hyperpara ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Lithium-associated Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hormone–dependent Primary ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Other humoral syndromes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
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 Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... changes, stroke symptoms ... : • Pathophysiology ... hydration - Hyperkalemia
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