19 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
resorption: • Primary ... failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... )-alkali syndrome ... #high #endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Comparison: • Primary ... Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... or normal): • Primary ... Granulomatous Disease ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #causes #endocrinology
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
other autoimmune diseases ... with systemic diseases ... (SLE) Signs / Symptoms ... #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... Other • Excess Calcium ... #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Activation: Liver disease ... , Kidney Disease ... - Calcium Sequestration ... Diagnosis #Management #endocrinology ... #differential #algorithm
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... rare, gestational diseases ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Hepatobiliary Disease ... Chronic Kidney Disease ... #Phosphate #endocrinology
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Deprivation • Primary ... • Cushing's Disease ... Transplant Chronic Disease ... #endocrinology
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... ACTH-Independent (Primary ... Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome ... Granulomatous Disease ... #Causes #endocrinology