38 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... #Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High PTH
LOW PTH - Hypoparathyroid
 - Congenital (Pediatric)
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Congenital (Pediatric ... Tumor lysis syndrome ... Algorithm #PTH #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... Activation: Liver disease ... , Kidney Disease ... - DiGeorge Syndrome ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... granulomatous diseases ... Genetic: Williams syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Hyperthyroidism • Paget's disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Hepatobiliary Disease ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... wasting crisis & hyperkalemia ... Hirsutism & acne • Infertility ... pathophysiology #genetics #endocrinology ... #peds #pediatrics
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Cushing's Disease ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes #pediatrics
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
Gammopathies C - HyperCalcemia ... ULN R - Renal disease ... plasmacytoma, POEMs syndrome ... Gammopathies #MGUS #diagnosis ... #hematology #oncology