2815 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Central diabetes insipidus ... Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus ... neurogenic diabetes insipidus ... Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... #Diabetes #Insipidus
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Central Diabetes Insipidus ... Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Central Diabetes Insipidus ... Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Central Diabetes Insipidus ... Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... kg • Diabetes Insipidus ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Enuresis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (Urinary Control Never Achieved)
 • Delayed Maturation
Causes of Enuresis ... Other (Diabetes Insipidus ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... Diabetes Insipidus ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Hypothalamus Anatomy and Hypothalamic Nuclei
 • Anterior hypothalamic nucleus - Body temperature, thermal regulation (heat dissipation),
oxytocin, destruction causes ... diabetes insipidus ... regulation, destruction causes
Inflammatory Joint Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Monoarticular
 • Gout (Podagra, Tophi)
 • Pseudogout
 • Early
polyangiitis (MPA) Insidious ... • Reactive Insidious ... #Orthopedics #Causes