68 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... failure, Addison's disease ... absorption: • Granulomatous ... diseases (sarcoidosis ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Cholecalciferol - Granulomatous ... Disease, Lymphoma ... Solid Tumors: Lung ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
the setting of long-standing ... Breast, Kidney, Lung ... Metastatic Bone Disease ... Granulomatous Disease ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... diseases: PR3+ ... vasculitis, Crohn's disease ... #VitaminD #causes ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... • Humoral Hypercalcemia ... • Lymphoma, Granulomatous ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... toxicity • Paget's disease ... Immobilization • Granulomatous ... disease • Thiazide ... #Differential #Causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... analogues - Granulomatous ... #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
ILD of Known Cause - Differential Diagnosis
Exposure:
 • Occupational: Asbestosis, Silicosis, Hypersensitivity, Pneumonitis
 • Treatment Related:
ILD of Known Cause ... : • Granulomatous ... GPA, EGPA • Granulomatous ... BrighamChiefs #ILD #Causes ... #interstitial #lung
Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)
Exposure-Related ILD (a.k.a. extrinsic allergic alveolitis): 
 • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Farmer's lung, Bird
Diseases (ILD) ... ILD caused by inhalation ... • Vasculitis: Granulomatosis ... , Eosinophilic granulomatosis ... differential #pulmonary #causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... thyroid, breast, lung ... Non-small-cell lung ... Chronic kidney disease ... #Causes #endocrinology