150 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential ... ketoacidosis Renal ... acids in advanced renal ... Acidosis #HAGMA #Differential ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift:
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Tumor Lysis
 • Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential ... Tumor Lysis • Metabolic ... PO4 < 20%: • Renal ... Context of Impaired Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... Low intake • Metabolic ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... Aldosterone-secreting mass • Adrenal ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... excretion • Acute renal ... failure • Chronic renal ... high: • Post-renal ... #potassium #differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
salicylates) R Renal ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... acidosis/Chronic renal ... failure - Adrenal ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
hypercalcemia Vitamin D metabolic ... breast, lung, renal ... , adrenal, prostate ... lung cancer • Renal ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
UNa > 20: • Renal ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... Acute or chronic renal ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... • Renal Failure ... Hypovolemic - GI losses, renal ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology