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diagnosis algorithm hypokalemia potassium hyponatremia intercellularshift sodium hypercalcemia hypernatremia hypertension hypomagnesemia hypotonic indications k magnesium management physiologic polyuria secondary table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential ... • Central Dl (Low ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial: Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... renal transplant, Diuretic ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Lithium-associated Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... syndrome, thiazide diuretics ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
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 Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
consumption • Low ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... only if no clear cause ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
- Differential ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... contracted • Loop diuretics ... syndrome • Thiazide diuretics ... #Nephrology #Differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... can be high or low ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... table #sodium #nephrology
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