7 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... syndrome, thiazide diuretics ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Postoperative abdominal distention ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Weakness, cramping, nausea ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... • Cell Lysis (e.g ... • Digoxin #Hyperkalemia ... #IntercellularShift ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... • Low EABV (e.g ... • NSAlDs #Hyperkalemia ... #IntercellularShift ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... , including a diuretic ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia