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diagnosis differential algorithm hyponatremia management medications table treatment acei arb diuresis drugs excretion hypercalcemia hypernatremia hypertension hypokalemia hypomagnesemia hypomg hypotonic
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
associated with hypokalemia ... hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia ... overdose) - Sodium ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #Causes #hypomg
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Lithium-associated Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Genetic disorders (e.g ... syndrome, thiazide diuretics ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
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 Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
Causes of Polyuria ... a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... diagnosis #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Postoperative abdominal distention ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Weakness, cramping, nausea ... heparinized tube) • ECG ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Management of Hyponatremia Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125 Give
Failure - Add Diuretics ... Add Diuretics, Consider ... SIADH — look for cause ... hourly • Identify Cause ... algorithm #treatment #sodium
ACEI or ARB Initiation Hyperkalemia: - Review concurrent drugs - Moderate potassium Intake - Consider: diuretics, sodium
ARB Initiation Hyperkalemia ... - Consider: diuretics ... , sodium blcaibonate ... - Review for causes ... concomitant medications (e.g
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Approach (when evaluation should be done): 1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... , including a diuretic ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia
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