29 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... macula, and/or retina ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intake • Chronic Renal ... Production • Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Endocrinology
Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift:
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 • Tumor Lysis
 • Metabolic or Respiratory Acidosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... PO4 < 20%: • Renal ... Context of Impaired Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #endocrinology
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... absent or partial retinal ... spread • Sub-retinal ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... D - Increased renal ... Cell of lung, Renal ... Hypercalcemia #Malignancy #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diabetic acidosis - Renal ... • Chronic renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High PTH
LOW PTH - Hypoparathyroid
 - Congenital (Pediatric)
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Chronic Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #PTH #endocrinology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Increased Excretion - Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #endocrinology