78 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... #Hypercalcemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Metastatic Bone Disease ... Granulomatous Disease ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Pill-Rolling Tremor of Parkinson's on Physical Exam

Characteristic pill-rolling tremor of Parkinson's disease

#Pill #Rolling #Tremor #PhysicalExam #clinical
Pill-Rolling Tremor ... tremor of Parkinson's ... disease #Pill ... #Rolling #Tremor ... #PhysicalExam #
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Hyperthyroidism • Paget's disease ... , adrenal, prostate ... Chronic kidney disease ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #endocrinology
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
Diagnosis Algorithm ADRENAL ... Adrenal • Congenital ... Tumor Low Serum ... Obesity • Liver Disease ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High PTH
LOW PTH - Hypoparathyroid
 - Congenital (Pediatric)
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... • Infiltrative disease ... • Chronic Renal ... Tumor lysis syndrome ... Algorithm #PTH #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Granulomatous Disease ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
untreated) - Tumor ... Rhabdomyolysis Increased renal ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency, adrenal ... insufficiency (Addison's disease
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... granulomatous diseases ... vasculitis, Crohn's disease ... Genetic: Williams syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology