57 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Granulomatous disease ... #Hypercalcemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High PTH
LOW PTH - Hypoparathyroid
 - Congenital (Pediatric)
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... • Infiltrative disease ... bypass • Liver disease ... Tumor lysis syndrome ... Algorithm #PTH #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Hypercalcemia ... failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... suggests either secondary ... Hyperaldosteronism • Secondary ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... Activation: Liver disease ... , Kidney Disease ... - DiGeorge Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Management #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Hepatobiliary Disease ... High PTH • Secondary ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
Cancer Related • Hypercalcemia ... LC deposition disease ... Solid tumors • Secondary ... Minimal change disease ... Interleukin-2) • Tumor
Trousseau's Sign in Hypocalcemia

Trousseau sign of latent tetany is a medical sign observed in patients with
Trousseau's Sign in Hypocalcemia ... This will occlude ... the patient's hypocalcemia ... #PhysicalExam # ... Video #Clinical #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... long-standing secondary ... Metastatic Bone Disease ... Granulomatous Disease ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... granulomatous diseases ... vasculitis, Crohn's disease ... Genetic: Williams syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology