31 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Diuresis in Critical Care - Achieving a Negative Fluid Balance
Advantages Of A Negative Fluid Balance:
 •
TO PO • USE HIGH ... , address diuretic ... ) to normalize Potassium ... Early nephrologv ... Fluid #Balance #management
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Sodium >145 mmol/L High ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... (see Polyuria scheme ... 300 mmol/kg • Diabetes ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Lupus Nephritis Primer
Class I - Minimal Mesangial
Class II - Mesangial Proliferative
Class Ill - Focal Proliferative
Class IV
Lupus Nephritis ... #Nephritis #SLE ... Classification #Classes ... #differential #diagnosis ... #management #nephrology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Erythematosus (SLE ... autoantibodies that will cause ... Induction Rx: high-dose ... #CNS #neurology ... #management #treatment
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Altitude sickness • Diuretic ... irrigation • Management ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Kidney stones caused ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Syndrome • HTN, High ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology