12 results
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Causes of Urinary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... carcinoma - Stone ... stone • ... #Causes #Urology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: • Stone ... • Cystitis • Bladder ... stones/polyps ... Renal/Ureter/Bladder ... #urology #nephrology
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Kidney Injury - Classification ... tubular necrosis (causes ... • Neurogenic bladder ... Kidney #Injury #Classification ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
• Neurogenic Bladder ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
/Cr - Renal/bladder ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Differential
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
bladder continence ... decreased muscle tone ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology ... differential #algorithm
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
disturbance • Bladder ... - Emergency Causes ... palpation of the bladder ... decreased rectal tone ... #neurology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
insipidus • Kidney stones ... caused by Ca2+ ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table