40 results
Pathophysiology of The Nephron - Electrolyte and Water Exchange

The nephron — electrolyte and water exchange. 
180
Pathophysiology ... Electrolyte and Water ... electrolyte and water ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Excess free water ... consciousness • No access ... to water GI loss ... • Watery Diarrhea ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Nephron Physiology
 - Proximal Convoluted Tubule
 - Thick Ascending Limb
 - Distal Convoluted Tubule
 - Ion
Collecting Tubule - Water ... Tubule #Nephron #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Renal
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Diagnosis Inadequate water ... intake: • Lack of access ... to water Extrarenal ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... Hypovolaemia → ADH → water ... SaltWasting #SIADH #Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #nephrology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Toxoplasmosis (CD4 ... CNS Lymphoma (CD4 ... Syphilis • Pyogenic Abscess ... • Nocardia • Parasitic ... causes #radiology #neurology
Complications of CKD
 - Patients with stages 1-3 ([GFR] >30 mL/min) of CKD are generally asymptomatic;
asymptomatic; water ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
history Step #2 - Assess ... #3 - Perform a water ... Algorithm #Sodium #nephrology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Differential Diagnosis
 • Infections: Cerebral abscess (bacterial, fungal, parasitic), Neurocysticercosis, Tuberculoma, Cerebral
Infections: Cerebral abscess ... bacterial, fungal, parasitic ... Differential #Diagnosis #neurology
Echinostomiasis - Echinostoma Life Cycle
1) Unembroynated eggs passed in feces
2) Embryonated eggs in water
3) Miracidia hatch
Embryonated eggs in water ... LifeCycle #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... infectiousdiseases #cdc ... #parasite #fluke