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diagnosis differential nephrology hyponatremia pharmacology acidosis aniongap calculi calculus classification excretion hypokalemia medications metabolic nephron nongap segments stones tubules types
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Losses: - Diuretics ... thiazide-like diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... , Osmotic diuresis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... #Medications #Table
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Diagnosis, and Features ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing diuretics
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... hypercalciuria, Hypercalcemia ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... virus or HIV/AIDS, diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... acid and most diuretics ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
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