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Structure and function of the Adrenal Glands

#Adrenal #Glands #Function #Hormones #Actions #Pathophysiology #Endocrinology

** GrepMed Recommended Text:
Structure and function ... Adrenal #Glands #Function ... #Hormones #Actions ... #Pathophysiology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... tubule (DCT) - Active ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Shock - Pathophysiology 
Inadequate tissue perfusion to meet O2, nutrient requirements
1. Distributive Shock
2. Hypovolemic Shock
3. Cardiogenic
Shock - Pathophysiology ... Shock #Shock #Pathophysiology ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes
Unmeasured Anions Associated with an Elevated Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis

#Unmeasured #Anions #Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Diagnosis
with an Elevated Anion ... Diagnosis #Nephrology #Table ... #Differential #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Recommended Therapeutic Approach to the Patient with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers;
ventricular ejection fraction ... Cardiomyopathy #Algorithm
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
Treatment of Stable ... B-blockers with caution ... Treat underlying cause ... Treat underlying cause ... management #cardiology #algorithm
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
ureteropelvic junction ... obstruction - Able ... identify non-calculus causes ... detection with function ... for non-calculus causes
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Major Physiological Effects of Angiotensin II

Altered Peripheral Resistance
I. Direct vasoconstriction
II. Enhancement of peripheral noradrenergic
neurotransmission:
  A.
Altered Renal Function ... AngiotensinII #Pathophysiology ... #Action