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diagnosis differential nephrology renal calculi hyponatremia kidney stones acute diuresis diuretics excretion hyperkalemia imaging injury medications modalities pharmacology postrenal potassium
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus AXR. KUB - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Modalities for Renal Calculus ... non-invasive - High ... obstruction - Able ... causes of flank ... causes of obstruction
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... perfusion: • Cardiac failure ... Interstitial nephritis ... POST-RENAL Urinary calculi ... Prerenal #Postrenal #Failure
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Classification, ... Cirrhosis - Nephrotic ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... chronic renal failure ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic ... #Causes #nephrology
Types of Renal Calculi Calcium oxalate - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... to treat heart failure ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #calculus
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... kidney disease, and nephrotic ... Kidney stones caused ... Heart Association class ... #Medications #Table
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Congestive heart failure ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
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