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Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... , adrenal, prostate ... Milk-alkali syndrome #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia

#Differential #Hypercalcemia #Diagnosis #Causes #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Causes #Endocrinology
Hormonal Secretions of the Adrenal Gland

#Adrenal #Gland #Cortex #Medulla #Hormones #Pathophysiology #Endocrinology
Secretions of the Adrenal ... Gland #Adrenal ... Pathophysiology #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Rhabdomyolysis Increased renal ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency, adrenal
Structure and function of the Adrenal Glands

#Adrenal #Glands #Function #Hormones #Actions #Pathophysiology #Endocrinology

** GrepMed Recommended Text:
function of the Adrenal ... Glands #Adrenal ... Pathophysiology #Endocrinology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... cell disease - Renal ... Renin - Primary adrenal ... Beta-Blockers #Hyperkalemia
Progressive ECG changes with increasing 
hyperkalaemia. 
 (a) Normal 
 (b) Tented T wave (arrow)
with increasing hyperkalaemia ... Cardiology #EKG #ECG #Hyperkalemia
Classification of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) and Treatment of Metabolic Abnormalities of TLS
Laboratory TLS:
 • Uric
other symptomatic hypocalcemia ... Intravenous fluids • Renal ... hydroxide • Hyperkalemia ... treatment • Hypocalcemia
Compelling and Possible Contraindications to Antihypertensive Drugs
Diuretics (thiazides)
 - Gout
 - Metabolic syndrome, Glucose intolerance, Pregnancy,
antagonists (MRA) - Hyperkalemia ... higher risk of hyperkalemia ... , Bilateral renal ... - Pregnancy, Hyperkalemia ... , Bilateral renal