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Causes of Hypercalcemia

#Differential #Hypercalcemia #Diagnosis #Causes #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #Hypercalcemia ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Endocrinology
Stages in the Development of Diabetes Type 1

#Diabetes #Type1 #TypeI #DM1 #Stages #Development #Pathophysiology #Timeline #Diagnosis
Development of Diabetes ... Type 1 #Diabetes ... Pathophysiology #Timeline #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of Diabetes ... or neurogenic diabetes ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Types #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Milk-alkali syndrome #Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
neonates) - Diabetic ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes #diagnosis
Assessment of diabetic control:
 - Any episodes of hypoglycaemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hospital admission? 
 - Is
Assessment of diabetic ... hypoglycaemia, diabetic ... supportive of diabetes ... thyroid disease at diagnosis ... primarycare #DM1 #Peds
Initial assessment and management of coma in pediatric population.

Airway - is it secure? 
Breathing — is
poisoning - diabetes ... Coma #Pediatrics #Peds ... #CriticalCare #Diagnosis
Pediatric Causes of Abdominal Pain

Surgical:
 - Acute appendicitis 
 - Intestinal obstruction including intussusception 
 -
Henoch—Schönlein purpura - Diabetic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Peds
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes ... DDAVP) • Central diabetes