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diagnosis differential causes nephrology medications algorithm classification hyponatremia pharmacology acidosis agonists aniongap antihypertensive antimuscarinic bloodpressure contraindications diuresis diuretics excretion high
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
UNa > 20: • Renal ... deficiency, Salt-losing ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... or chronic renal
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... irrigation • Management ... Torsemide) • Acute ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... #Medications #Table
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists Muscarinic Receptor Agonists Methacholine • Diagnosis of bronchial airway Carbachol • Glaucorna (topical
Receptor Agonists and Antagonists ... Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists ... Atropine • Acute ... hyoscyamine • Diarrhea-predominant ... #Pharmacology #Table
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days) Exclude: 1. Causes of acute diarrhea 2. Lactose intolerance 3.
Evaluation of Chronic ... Causes of acute ... diarrhea 2. ... 1000 g/24 h) #Chronic ... #Diarrhea #management
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute ... and chronic) Causes ... Diarrhea B. ... Renal acidosis ... Chronic progressive
Compelling and Possible Contraindications to Antihypertensive Drugs Diuretics (thiazides) - Gout - Metabolic syndrome, Glucose intolerance, Pregnancy,
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists ... Hyperkalemia, Bilateral renal ... Hyperkalemia, Bilateral renal ... active patients, Chronic ... contraindications #table
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... Villous adenoma Renal ... - Diuretics (carbonic ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Beta-Adrenergic antagonists ... Chronic kidney disease ... uropathy, post-acute ... Chronic kidney disease ... Acute oliguric kidney
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